TRACK AND FIELD

This section provides context and methodology details for the data presented:

• **Data Scope:** This table focuses exclusively on competitive results where a Male athlete participated in an event or competition originally intended for female athletes. This applies to events specifically labeled "female", "women" or "girls" or events that were originally female-only but have been changed to mixed sex to be "inclusive" of some males, but continue to exclude other males who do not claim to be women. This includes events labeled "women+" or similar. Events that are mixed but in which there are specific limits on the number of male and female athletes per team and in which the male athlete has taken a "female" position, such as mixed doubles in tennis, are also included.
• **Link Verification:** The provided links are to external sources. These sources include official results directly from the event webpages, sites that aggregrate athletic results from various organizations (such as MileSplit.com), news stories, and social media posts from team and athlete accounts. Archived links (Ar.) are provided in the case that these results are removed or websites are no longer functional. Not all pages were able to be archived. When possible, archived links can most often be found in the second (2) link.
• **Athlete Verification:** Athletes have been verified as male through the use of public sources: news articles, personal declarations from the athletes, name changes, past photos, and other public records including job history, school records, and family records. In the case of males with DSDs, athletes are included if they have previously failed a sex/gender test.
• **Athlete Identification:** "DSD" refers to male athletes with a disorder of sexual development. These athletes are male but may have been mistaken for female at birth due to underdeveloped male genitalia. "Trans-identified" refers to male athletes who have had healthy male development but deny that they are men and boys and claim to be something else, typically "women" or "nonbinary". "Other" refers to males who do not belong in either of the former categories but participate on female teams due to rule exceptions.
• **Sorting:** The table is sorted by **Date (newest first)** by default.

Other Notes:

• "1st (of 1)" and "1st of 2 Males" are counted in the overall 1st place totals. "Semi-finals", "2nd of 2 Males", "2nd (of 2)", and "3rd (of 3)" are counted in top 3 finishes (as these finishers often stand on the podium and recieve medals).
• Many entries regarding male athletes with DSDs were taken from the official World Athletics website as the events occured at smaller international or past meets that do not have full results available online. When the included link directs you to an athlete profile on this website, select "Statistics" then "Results" to view the athlete's official results that have been cataloged by World Athletics. These results should reflect the same information that is shown on the HeCheated website.
• Different states and regions may use different nomenclature for meets i.e. league, district, conference, regional, sectional, division championships, etc. Due to these differences and varying rules state-by-state, some meets may be categorized inaccurately, but all of these meets can be assumed to be larger, important meets that offer medals for the top 3 competitors and possibly qualification onto further competitions.

• The MITCA Team State competition is a state championship meet that focuses on team scores rather than individual achievement. The top 16 teams in the state are inivited and allowed to enter a limited number of runners in events.

• In the United States, state championships are normally separated by division (which is often based on school size). In states such as Connecticut, two state championship meets are held, one by division/class, and the other an open championship where all the best runners, regardless of division, compete.

• Male athlete Maximila Imali has been retroactively disqualified from every event he competed in in 2023 and 2024. While HeCheated has been able to archive some of his results from these events showing his original placement, not all have been archived as they origianlly appeared. HeCheated has listed his results as they originally appeared, but at present, they appear as "DQ" in the verification links.
• Male athlete Terry Miller is listed in the result sheets for both the 2020 Hillhouse Track Classic and the Bullis Champion Speed Invitational held in different locations on the same date. This may be due to a mistaken date on one of the result sheets. Both results are listed here.

• Craig "CeCe" Telfer is also on the result sheets for both the Larry Ellis Invitational in New Jersey and the Eric Loeschner Memorial Invite in Massachusetts on the same day, April 20, 2019. This may also be due to an error on the date on the results.

• Male athlete "Ricki" Coughlan has reportedly won multiple state championship titles in Australia in the 80's and 90's. No specific information is available at this time.

• An unidentified male athlete has reportedly run on the girl's track team in Virginia, Minnesota. No results are available at this time.

• Many entries for male athlete Kyle "Caroline" Layt have been listed in his club record but results are not available at this time. It is likely the majority of these were top 3 finishes as they were smaller competitions and Layt was finishing at the top in national championships.

• The Triathlon events entered by Stella Walsh featured nontraditional/nonstandard events.
• "Unsp. Relay" refers to events that were described as relays but the distance was not specified in the description.

Abbreviations:

• ISO alpha-3 country codes used for country abbreviations
• DQ - disqualified
• DNS - did not start
• DNF - did not finish
• DNP - did not place
• SCR - scratch (competitor either withdrew from the event or did not achieve any mark)
• NH - no height (in high jump, competitor failed to jump opening height)
• NM - no mark (did not record any distance on throws)
• NT - no time
• FF - forfeit
• FS - false start (resulting in DQ)
• MC - missed cut (denotes and instance where competitor did not make the cut to continue on in the tournament, commonly used in golf)
• OC - outside competitior (denotes an outside entry in a national competition. OC competitors do not receive points)
• NS - non-scoring (denotes a non-scoring entry in domestic meets, "G" denotes a guest entry)
• SF - semi-finalist
• QF - quarter-finalist
• TBD - to be determined
• n/a - not available


• HJ - High Jump
• TJ - Triple Jump
• LJ - Long Jump
• PV - Pole Vault
• SMR - Sprint Medley Relay
• DMR - Distance Medley Relay
• SWR - Swedish Relay
• SHR - Shuttle Hurdle Relay
• SP - Shot Put Relay
• HT - Hammer Throw
• WT - Weight Throw
• Pent - Pentathlon
• SC - Steeplechase
• H - Hurdles